WHO DD (WHO Drug Dictionary)
An international classification of drugs providing the names and active ingredient of medicinal products used in different countries.
An international classification of drugs providing the names and active ingredient of medicinal products used in different countries.
Dictionary meant for rational coding of adverse reaction terms, maintained by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for International Drug
It sets out the agreed usage of the drug in the USA and provides information for healthcare professionals on the drug’s usage, efficiency and safety.
An adverse reaction whose nature, severity, specificity, or outcome is not consistent with the description given in product labelling or market authorization (USPI in the
A (augmented): common dose-related reaction, related to a pharmacological action of the drug, predictable and with low mortality. B (bizarre): uncommon non-dose-related reaction, not related
Reporting of AE cases by health professionals and pharmaceutical companies which does not derive from a study or any organized data collection scheme (i.e. is
Reports derived from organized data collection systems, including: Clinical trials Clinical registries Post-approval patient use programs Patient support programs Patient disease management programs Surveys of
Evaluation of the data supporting a detected signal to verify that there is sufficient evidence demonstrating a new potentially causal association, or a new aspect
A set of activities performed to determine whether there are signals associated with medicinal product (based on ICSRs, data from active surveillance systems or studies,
Reported information on a new possible causal relationship (or a new aspect of a known relationship) between an adverse event and a drug. A signal
This part of an RMP provides a synopsis of a medicinal product’s safety. It should be a summary of: The important identified risks Important potential
An important identified risk, important potential risk or important missing information. Medicinal product safety concerns are identified, characterized, and monitored in the DSUR, RMP and
Evidence of an absence of harm (not absence of evidence of harm). Judgement about safety takes into account the degree to which a given risk is acceptable.
Non-profit consortium formed between the US FDA, industry, academia and the Wellcome Trust to identify genetic variants associated with SAEs.
results in death requires patient hospitalization results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity is life-threatening or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect. “Severe” describes the
Product information Healthcare professional communications / educational materials Patient communications / educational materials
MAHs must prepare an RMP (Risk Management Plan) to implement the risk management system.
Activity that aims to ensure that the benefits of a medicinal product exceed the risks by the greatest achievable margin, by increasing the benefits or
The probability of developing an outcome (refers normally but not always to a negative outcome). Absolute risk or Incidence Rate: The observed or calculated probability of the
Risk in a population of unexposed persons. It can be measured over time (incidence) or at a given time (prevalence).
Therapeutic practice where drugs are prescribed and used appropriately for the indication and the patient’s specific characteristics.
The proportion of total cases in a population at a particular time and a descriptive statistic, rather than a measurement of risk.
System created to monitor adverse drug events for identified patients receiving a specified drug (prescribers are requested to report all events, suspected adverse or not).
Aspects of the patient’s history which might explain reported adverse events (genetic, other drugs, disease history…).
The study of drug use and effects after release into the market.
A system used by an organization to comply with pharmacovigilance regulations and designed to monitor the safety of authorized medicinal products.
A compilation of information, maintained by the MAH. containing a detailed description of the pharmacovigilance system they use, available to competent authorities upon request.
The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem, in order to: Prevent harm
The study of the use and effects of drugs in large numbers of people using an epidemiological approach
Study relating to an authorized medicinal product conducted with the aim of studying a safety hazard, confirming the safety profile of the product, or evaluating
Administration of a quantity of a medicinal product above the maximum recommended dose allowed by the authorized product information.
Situations where a medicinal product is intentionally used for a medical purpose not in accordance with the marketing authorization. For instance, medicine used: For disease
An Odds is the probability of an occurrence divided by the probability of its non-occurrence. The Odds ratio is the ratio of the Odds between
Number of individuals needed to be treated for some specified period in order that one person would have one harmful event.
Medication errors with high potential for causing harm but did not (cancelled before reaching a patient or reaching the patient but who did not have
Regulatory authority within a country with the clinical and scientific expertise to collect, analyze and advise on drug safety.
Potentially clinically significant gap in knowledge about the safety of a medicinal product for a specific patient population or concerning certain anticipated utilization (for instance
An identifiable reporter, patient, event and a suspect medicinal product are required for reporting cases of suspected adverse events.
Any mistake in the way a medication is taken or administered (prescription, storage, dispensing, preparation, administration…), that has the potential to harm the patient. Medication
Any reaction not mentioned in the official approved product information is unlabeled (otherwise it is termed labelled).
The rate of new cases of an outcome occurring per number of known at risk or exposed; and is a measurement of risk.
MedDRA includes a term list of important medical events (available on the EMA website), which aims to facilitate the classification of suspected ADRs, data analysis and the assessment of ICSRs.
International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals.
The nature and extent of actual damage that can be caused by a drug. Damage is measured by frequency of occurrence, severity or duration.
The EMA has issued these guidelines for the conduct of pharmacovigilance in the EU for human medical products.
The following are standard ADR frequency categories where the denominator must be defined to provide context: Very common: > 10% Common: [1%, 10%] Uncommon: [0.1%, 1%] Rare:
Rapid submission of an ICSR to the Regulatory Authorities in compliance with the legislation and local regulatory guidelines.
ADR consistent with the reference safety information (Investigator’s brochure for an investigational product, summary of product characteristics) for an approved product.
The EMA’s system to support the electronic exchange, management, and evaluation of ICSRs related to all medicinal products authorized in the European Economic Area (EEA).
European collaboration that established a collection of DNA samples for studying genes which influence SARs or ADRs, for the purpose of a better understanding of
Intentional off-label use of a medicinal product. Although the drug is not being used according to the marketing authorization or physician’s recommendation, abuse can result
Serious and rare medical event that is often causally associated with drugs across multiple pharmacological / therapeutic classes. Even small number of reports of such
Screening of ICSR databases for statistical associations between products and events whereby the observed frequency is different than the expected frequency. For ADRs caused by
Plan to conduct the detection, assessment, understanding, reporting and prevention of AEs of medicinal products during clinical trials.
This section of an Investigator’s Brochure (IB) is identical in structure to the CCSI and contains a summary of all relevant safety information (described in
Rechallenge means reintroducing the drug to the patient. A positive rechallenge (the AE reappears) strongly suggests a causal relationship.
Dechallenge is the withdrawal of a drug from a patient to observe: The continuity of an AE (negative dechallenge – causal relationship less likely) The
Synonyms: Independent Data Monitoring Committee, Data and Safety Monitoring Board This committee is established by the sponsor to: Assess the progress of a clinical trial,
The causal relationship between an AE and a suspected drug can be, according to the WHO: certain– sufficient information provided to determine that no other reasonable explanation exists,
“Critical Terms” in WHOART refer to or might indicate serious disease states and warrant special attention.
Refers to all clinical trials being conducted with the same investigational drug.
The CIOMS is a body set up under WHO and UNESCO. It has developed the following pharmacovigilance guidelines:
Document prepared by the MAH containing the medicinal product’s: Safety information Indications, dosing Pharmacology and other information concerning the product.
All safety information contained in the core data sheet prepared by the medicinal product MAH and which the MAH requires to be listed in all
Method for assigning probability to the likelihood of a causal relationship between an AE and a suspected drug; according to established algorithms.
Individual reports of the experience of single patients, or patients managed as group. At minimum, an adverse event case report must have a reporter, product,
An evaluation of the positive therapeutic effects of the medicinal product in relation to the risks (quality, safety, or efficacy) of the medicinal product for
Analysis of the favorable (beneficial) and unfavorable results of doing specific actions. Also called “benefit-harm” or “effectiveness-risk” analysis
Events linked via one or multiple factors (i.e. chronology) but not necessarily having a cause and effect relationship.
Reports of a set of cases, meant for regulatory authorities. Annual Safety Report (ASR): In clinical trials, an annual report of all newly available safety information.
A noteworthy event for a product or class of products that a sponsor wants to monitor carefully. It can be serious or non-serious, or it
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